Two tips, one to find processor information, another for detailed system configurations.
Updated with two more tips on January 23, 2018. One to find memory information, another for interrupt information.
Updated with one more tip from TACC on July 23, 2018. It gives HTML view.

Tip1

In Linux system, there is a file, /proc/cpuinfo, holding a summary of processor information. Looking at this file, it will tell you what is the processor model, how much frequency it has and so on.

Tip2

To find out more detailed configurations, for example cache hierarchy, we could visit /sys/devices/system folder. There are files to store the device information generated when the machine initializes devices.

For example, using the following command to get cache information:

grep . /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cache/index*/*

Or you can find the memory information in /sys/devices/system/node/node0/meminfo file.

Tip3

Similar as tip 1, /proc/meminfo, holds a summary of memory information: how much memory are there, how many are available, how many are cached and so on.

Tip4

Similar as tip 1, /proc/interrupts, holds a summary of interrupts information. It is live data that are varying from time to time.

Tip5

Tip 138:
Create a nifty overview of the hardware on your system and open the hardware.html in a browser:

    $ lshw -html > hardware.html

Credits

• Zhiyi’s Blog - Where the second tip I learnt.
• TACC - Texas Advanced Computing Center